Abubakar Abubakar

“𝕊𝕚𝕟𝕘𝕝𝕖-𝕔𝕖𝕝𝕝 𝕖𝕡𝕚𝕘𝕖𝕟𝕠𝕞𝕚𝕔 𝕥𝕖𝕔𝕙𝕟𝕠𝕝𝕠𝕘𝕚𝕖𝕤 𝕣𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕒𝕝 𝕣𝕖𝕘𝕦𝕝𝕒𝕥𝕠𝕣𝕪 𝕡𝕣𝕠𝕘𝕣𝕒𝕞𝕤 𝕥𝕙𝕒𝕥 𝕒𝕣𝕖 𝕚𝕟𝕧𝕚𝕤𝕚𝕓𝕝𝕖 𝕚𝕟 𝕓𝕦𝕝𝕜 𝕞𝕖𝕒𝕤𝕦𝕣𝕖𝕞𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕤, 𝕦𝕟𝕔𝕠𝕧𝕖𝕣𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕙𝕠𝕨 𝕚𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕧𝕚𝕕𝕦𝕒𝕝 𝕔𝕖𝕝𝕝𝕤 𝕚𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕣𝕡𝕣𝕖𝕥 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕤𝕒𝕞𝕖 𝕘𝕖𝕟𝕠𝕞𝕖 𝕕𝕚𝕗𝕗𝕖𝕣𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕝𝕪.” - Howard Y. Chang 🧬 Single-cell epigenomics is now a fundament of modern genomics, enabling high-resolution dissection of gene regulatory mechanisms that define cellular identity, function, and fate. By moving beyond bulk averages, it exposes regulatory heterogeneity critical to development, immunity, and disease. 🔹 Epigenomics studies DNA methylation and histone modifications that regulate gene expression without altering DNA sequence. These dynamic marks integrate developmental and environmental cues. Bulk assays mask rare or transient states; especially problematic in heterogeneous tissues such as brain, immune system, and tumors. 🔹 Single-cell technologi...

Recommended book of the weekend: 🍃 ☕ ➡️ " THE GIRL WITH ALL THE GIFTS" By M.R. Carey   🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁

“𝔾𝕖𝕟𝕠𝕞𝕚𝕔 𝕚𝕞𝕡𝕣𝕚𝕟𝕥𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕚𝕤 𝕒 𝕞𝕖𝕔𝕙𝕒𝕟𝕚𝕤𝕞 𝕓𝕪 𝕨𝕙𝕚𝕔𝕙 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕤𝕒𝕞𝕖 𝕘𝕖𝕟𝕖 𝕔𝕒𝕟 𝕙𝕒𝕧𝕖 𝕕𝕚𝕒𝕞𝕖𝕥𝕣𝕚𝕔𝕒𝕝𝕝𝕪 𝕠𝕡𝕡𝕠𝕤𝕚𝕥𝕖 𝕖𝕗𝕗𝕖𝕔𝕥𝕤 𝕕𝕖𝕡𝕖𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕠𝕟 𝕨𝕙𝕖𝕥𝕙𝕖𝕣 𝕚𝕥 𝕚𝕤 𝕚𝕟𝕙𝕖𝕣𝕚𝕥𝕖𝕕 𝕗𝕣𝕠𝕞 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕞𝕠𝕥𝕙𝕖𝕣 𝕠𝕣 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕗𝕒𝕥𝕙𝕖𝕣.” - Prof. Azim Surani 🧬 Imprinting disorders arise when genes normally expressed from only one parental allele become dysregulated. This parent-of-origin specific expression is essential for growth, neurodevelopment, and early embryonic programming. When imprinting fails, it results in well-defined syndromes with characteristic features. Among the most studied are Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), Angelman Syndrome (AS), and Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS), each distinct yet unified by a shared epigenetic mechanism.        🔹 Prader–Willi Syndrome (PWS): Loss of paternal genes on 15q11–q13 (mainly deletions). Features include infant hypotonia, earl...

Recommended book of the weekend: 🍃 ☕ ➡️ " THE WINDURF GIRL" By Paolo Bacigalupi   🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁

“ℝ𝕒𝕣𝕖 𝕔𝕠𝕡𝕪 𝕟𝕦𝕞𝕓𝕖𝕣 𝕧𝕒𝕣𝕚𝕒𝕟𝕥𝕤 𝕡𝕝𝕒𝕪 𝕒 𝕤𝕚𝕘𝕟𝕚𝕗𝕚𝕔𝕒𝕟𝕥 𝕣𝕠𝕝𝕖 𝕚𝕟 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕘𝕖𝕟𝕖𝕥𝕚𝕔 𝕒𝕣𝕔𝕙𝕚𝕥𝕖𝕔𝕥𝕦𝕣𝕖 𝕠𝕗 𝕒𝕦𝕥𝕚𝕤𝕞 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕠𝕥𝕙𝕖𝕣 𝕟𝕖𝕦𝕣𝕠𝕕𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝𝕠𝕡𝕞𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕒𝕝 𝕕𝕚𝕤𝕠𝕣𝕕𝕖𝕣𝕤.” - Professor Evan Eichler 🧬 Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including autism, ADHD, and intellectual disability arise from early disruptions in brain development & affect almost 15% of children globally. Their origins are multifactorial, but genetic architecture is increasingly recognised as a central driver, particularly the role of copy number variants (CNVs).            🔹CNVs are structural genomic alterations involving the deletion or duplication of DNA segments. Although common in the population, certain rare CNVs significantly alter gene dosage, disrupt regulatory elements, or impair neural pathways, increasing susceptibility to NDDs. Robust evidence links CNVs at 22q11.2, 16...

“𝔸𝕤 𝕞𝕠𝕕𝕖𝕣𝕟 𝕘𝕖𝕟𝕖𝕥𝕚𝕔𝕤 𝕖𝕞𝕖𝕣𝕘𝕖𝕕, 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕚𝕣𝕖 𝕔𝕠𝕟𝕔𝕖𝕡𝕥 𝕠𝕗 𝕒𝕔𝕢𝕦𝕚𝕣𝕖𝕕 𝕥𝕣𝕒𝕚𝕥 𝕚𝕟𝕙𝕖𝕣𝕚𝕥𝕒𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝕨𝕒𝕤 𝕡𝕦𝕤𝕙𝕖𝕕 𝕒𝕤𝕚𝕕𝕖 𝕦𝕟𝕥𝕚𝕝 𝕣𝕖𝕔𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕕𝕚𝕤𝕔𝕠𝕧𝕖𝕣𝕚𝕖𝕤 𝕚𝕟 𝕖𝕡𝕚𝕘𝕖𝕟𝕖𝕥𝕚𝕔𝕤 𝕓𝕣𝕠𝕦𝕘𝕙𝕥 𝕚𝕥 𝕓𝕒𝕔𝕜 𝕚𝕟𝕥𝕠 𝕤𝕔𝕚𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕚𝕗𝕚𝕔 𝕕𝕚𝕤𝕔𝕠𝕦𝕣𝕤𝕖.” - Professor Oded Rechavi 🧬 Genetics has long centred on DNA sequence, yet growing evidence shows that heritable information also exists beyond DNA. Epigenetics; chemical modifications such as DNA methylation & histone modification regulates how genes are turned on or off without altering the underlying sequence. Crucially, some of these marks can be shaped by life experiences & transmitted across generations.                    🔹 Environmental inputs; nutrition, stress, toxins, social context can create stable epigenetic marks that influence gene expressio...