Abubakar Abubakar

Recommended book of the weekend: 🍃 ☕ ➡️ " THE WINDURF GIRL" By Paolo Bacigalupi   🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁

“ℝ𝕒𝕣𝕖 𝕔𝕠𝕡𝕪 𝕟𝕦𝕞𝕓𝕖𝕣 𝕧𝕒𝕣𝕚𝕒𝕟𝕥𝕤 𝕡𝕝𝕒𝕪 𝕒 𝕤𝕚𝕘𝕟𝕚𝕗𝕚𝕔𝕒𝕟𝕥 𝕣𝕠𝕝𝕖 𝕚𝕟 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕘𝕖𝕟𝕖𝕥𝕚𝕔 𝕒𝕣𝕔𝕙𝕚𝕥𝕖𝕔𝕥𝕦𝕣𝕖 𝕠𝕗 𝕒𝕦𝕥𝕚𝕤𝕞 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕠𝕥𝕙𝕖𝕣 𝕟𝕖𝕦𝕣𝕠𝕕𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝𝕠𝕡𝕞𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕒𝕝 𝕕𝕚𝕤𝕠𝕣𝕕𝕖𝕣𝕤.” - Professor Evan Eichler 🧬 Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including autism, ADHD, and intellectual disability arise from early disruptions in brain development & affect almost 15% of children globally. Their origins are multifactorial, but genetic architecture is increasingly recognised as a central driver, particularly the role of copy number variants (CNVs).            🔹CNVs are structural genomic alterations involving the deletion or duplication of DNA segments. Although common in the population, certain rare CNVs significantly alter gene dosage, disrupt regulatory elements, or impair neural pathways, increasing susceptibility to NDDs. Robust evidence links CNVs at 22q11.2, 16...

“𝔸𝕤 𝕞𝕠𝕕𝕖𝕣𝕟 𝕘𝕖𝕟𝕖𝕥𝕚𝕔𝕤 𝕖𝕞𝕖𝕣𝕘𝕖𝕕, 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕚𝕣𝕖 𝕔𝕠𝕟𝕔𝕖𝕡𝕥 𝕠𝕗 𝕒𝕔𝕢𝕦𝕚𝕣𝕖𝕕 𝕥𝕣𝕒𝕚𝕥 𝕚𝕟𝕙𝕖𝕣𝕚𝕥𝕒𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝕨𝕒𝕤 𝕡𝕦𝕤𝕙𝕖𝕕 𝕒𝕤𝕚𝕕𝕖 𝕦𝕟𝕥𝕚𝕝 𝕣𝕖𝕔𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕕𝕚𝕤𝕔𝕠𝕧𝕖𝕣𝕚𝕖𝕤 𝕚𝕟 𝕖𝕡𝕚𝕘𝕖𝕟𝕖𝕥𝕚𝕔𝕤 𝕓𝕣𝕠𝕦𝕘𝕙𝕥 𝕚𝕥 𝕓𝕒𝕔𝕜 𝕚𝕟𝕥𝕠 𝕤𝕔𝕚𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕚𝕗𝕚𝕔 𝕕𝕚𝕤𝕔𝕠𝕦𝕣𝕤𝕖.” - Professor Oded Rechavi 🧬 Genetics has long centred on DNA sequence, yet growing evidence shows that heritable information also exists beyond DNA. Epigenetics; chemical modifications such as DNA methylation & histone modification regulates how genes are turned on or off without altering the underlying sequence. Crucially, some of these marks can be shaped by life experiences & transmitted across generations.                    🔹 Environmental inputs; nutrition, stress, toxins, social context can create stable epigenetic marks that influence gene expressio...

After spending a sleepless night outside my apartment on the 29th, I found myself the next night sitting on a hard chair at the KR Puram Police Station. The hours stretched endlessly until the evening of the 30th, when the police inspector assigned two officers to escort me to the Bureau of Immigration; the FRRO office.           At the office, I was instructed to submit all my documents for verification. After a careful review, they confirmed that everything was valid; except my visa, which had unfortunately exhausted. Because of that, I was told I had to be transferred to the FRC.           The journey there was long; about 37 kilometres from the city, and by the time we arrived, it was around 8:20 p.m. My few belongings were checked and taken by the security guards. Later, I was called to the administrative section to collect my papers, hand over my gadgets, and sign some forms.            It ...

It is with deep sadness that I reflect on the conduct of certain officers of the Bangalore Police. My experience began when I visited the police station to report a case involving a violation of rights. After waiting for hours in the reception area, I was finally called in to meet the inspector on duty.          During our interaction, the inspector asked me to hand over the bag I carried, which contained sensitive personal and professional documents. Without my explicit consent, he took the bag and went through it. This act deeply concerned me, as no police officer has the right to seize or examine a citizen’s or individual personal documents without lawful authority or the individual’s consent.          Under the Indian Police Act, 1861, and the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973, such conduct constitutes a breach of procedure and personal liberty. Specifically:            Section 51 of the CrPC allow...

“ℂ𝕒𝕟𝕔𝕖𝕣 𝕚𝕤 𝕒 𝕘𝕖𝕟𝕖𝕥𝕚𝕔 𝕕𝕚𝕤𝕖𝕒𝕤𝕖 𝕒𝕥 𝕚𝕥𝕤 𝕔𝕠𝕣𝕖. 𝕌𝕟𝕕𝕖𝕣𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕚𝕟𝕙𝕖𝕣𝕚𝕥𝕖𝕕 𝕡𝕣𝕖𝕕𝕚𝕤𝕡𝕠𝕤𝕚𝕥𝕚𝕠𝕟 𝕠𝕡𝕖𝕟𝕤 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕕𝕠𝕠𝕣 𝕥𝕠 𝕚𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕣𝕔𝕖𝕡𝕥𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕔𝕒𝕟𝕔𝕖𝕣 𝕓𝕖𝕗𝕠𝕣𝕖 𝕚𝕥 𝕓𝕖𝕘𝕚𝕟𝕤.” - Prof. Bert Vogelstein 🧬 Advances in clinical genetic testing transformed cancer prevention and treatment by revealing inherited mutations that heighten susceptibility to specific cancers. Roughly 5-10% of all cancers are hereditary, often linked to mutations in genes such as BRCA1/2 (breast and ovarian cancers) and MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 in Lynch syndrome (colorectal and endometrial cancers). Identifying these variants enables early detection, preventive measures, and precision therapy prepared to individual genetic profiles.            🔹 Testing begins with genetic counseling, followed by targeted or multi-gene sequencing using next-generation technologies; now faster ...