Abubakar Abubakar

 “𝓣𝓱𝓮 𝓼𝓹𝓪𝓽𝓲𝓪𝓵 𝓪𝓷𝓭 𝓽𝓮𝓶𝓹𝓸𝓻𝓪𝓵 𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓸𝓵 𝓸𝓯 𝓹𝓻𝓸𝓽𝓮𝓲𝓷 𝓼𝔂𝓷𝓽𝓱𝓮𝓼𝓲𝓼 𝓰𝓾𝓲𝓭𝓮𝓼 𝓭𝓮𝓿𝓮𝓵𝓸𝓹𝓶𝓮𝓷𝓽. 𝓘𝓽’𝓼 𝓷𝓸𝓽 𝓮𝓷𝓸𝓾𝓰𝓱 𝓽𝓸 𝓶𝓪𝓴𝓮 𝓡𝓝𝓐; 𝓽𝓻𝓪𝓷𝓼𝓵𝓪𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷 𝓭𝓮𝓽𝓮𝓻𝓶𝓲𝓷𝓮𝓼 𝔀𝓱𝓮𝓻𝓮 𝓪𝓷𝓭 𝔀𝓱𝓮𝓷 𝓹𝓻𝓸𝓽𝓮𝓲𝓷𝓼 𝓪𝓬𝓽.” - Hilde Mangold  🔹 Protein synthesis is not just about making RNA; it’s about controlling when, where, and how proteins act. Translational regulation allows cells to rapidly adapt to stress, developmental signals, or environmental changes, fine-tuning protein output without altering transcription.  🔹 Recruitment of ribosomes to mRNAs is tightly regulated by eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs). For example, eIF2α phosphorylation globally reduces translation during stress, yet mRNAs with upstream open reading frames (uORFs) or internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) can bypass this, ensuring selective protein production.  🔹 Elongation and termination are influenced by elonga...

Recommended book of the weekend: 🍃 ☕ ➡️ "BEYOND INHERITANCE" By Roxanne Khamsi   🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁

“𝓟𝓸𝓹𝓾𝓵𝓪𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷-𝓼𝓬𝓪𝓵𝓮 𝓰𝓮𝓷𝓸𝓶𝓲𝓬𝓼 𝓲𝓼 𝓷𝓸𝓽 𝓳𝓾𝓼𝓽 𝓪𝓫𝓸𝓾𝓽 𝓶𝓮𝓭𝓲𝓬𝓲𝓷𝓮; 𝓲𝓽 𝓲𝓵𝓵𝓾𝓶𝓲𝓷𝓪𝓽𝓮𝓼 𝓯𝓾𝓷𝓭𝓪𝓶𝓮𝓷𝓽𝓪𝓵 𝓫𝓲𝓸𝓵𝓸𝓰𝔂; 𝔀𝓱𝔂 𝓬𝓮𝓻𝓽𝓪𝓲𝓷 𝓽𝓻𝓪𝓲𝓽𝓼 𝓸𝓻 𝓭𝓲𝓼𝓸𝓻𝓭𝓮𝓻𝓼 𝓮𝔁𝓲𝓼𝓽 𝓲𝓷 𝓼𝓸𝓶𝓮 𝓹𝓸𝓹𝓾𝓵𝓪𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷𝓼 𝓫𝓾𝓽 𝓷𝓸𝓽 𝓸𝓽𝓱𝓮𝓻𝓼.” - Professor Christine Klein 🧬 Population-scale genomics is reshaping how we understand human biology, health, and disease. At the heart of this transformation are biobanks: organized repositories of DNA, blood, tissue, and associated health data. They provide the scale and diversity needed to explore human genetic variation and its impact on traits, disease susceptibility, and therapy responses.             🔹 Biobanks systematically collect, store, and manage biological samples under strict ethical and quality standards, often linked with detailed clinical, lifestyle, and environmental data. For example, the UK Biobank has enrolled over 500,000 participants,...

Recommended book of the weekend: 🍃 ☕ ➡️ "THE BLOOD MERIDIAN" By Comac McCarthy    🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁

“𝓜𝓮𝓽𝓱𝔂𝓵𝓪𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷 𝓲𝓼 𝓪 𝓵𝓪𝓷𝓰𝓾𝓪𝓰𝓮 𝓬𝓮𝓵𝓵𝓼 𝓾𝓼𝓮 𝓽𝓸 𝓻𝓮𝓶𝓫𝓮𝓻 𝔀𝓱𝓸 𝓽𝓱𝓮𝔂 𝓪𝓻𝓮.” - Prof. Anne Ferguson-Smith 🧬 DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression without altering the DNA sequence itself. By adding methyl groups to cytosine residues, particularly within "CpG" regions, cells can selectively activate or silence genes, preserving cellular identity, developmental programming, and genomic stability.            🔹 This process is mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), which establish and maintain methylation patterns across cell divisions. In promoter regions, hypermethylation often suppresses transcription, whereas hypomethylation is generally associated with gene activation. These highly coordinated patterns form part of broader epigenetic landscapes; dynamic networks that include histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs...

Recommended book of the weekend: 🍃 ☕ ➡️ "THE WOMAN WITH THE CURE" By Lynn Cullen   🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁