CODONS AND ANTICODONS: THE LANGUAGE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

"๐“’๐“ธ๐“ป๐“ป๐“ฎ๐“ฌ๐“ฝ ๐“ฌ๐“ธ๐“ญ๐“ธ๐“ท ๐“ป๐“ฎ๐“ฌ๐“ธ๐“ฐ๐“ท๐“ฒ๐“ฝ๐“ฒ๐“ธ๐“ท ๐“ซ๐”‚ ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ฎ ๐“ฝ๐“ก๐“๐“ ๐“ช๐“ท๐“ฝ๐“ฒ๐“ฌ๐“ธ๐“ญ๐“ธ๐“ท ๐“ฒ๐“ผ ๐“ฎ๐“ผ๐“ผ๐“ฎ๐“ท๐“ฝ๐“ฒ๐“ช๐“ต ๐“ฏ๐“ธ๐“ป ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ฎ ๐“ช๐“ฌ๐“ฌ๐“พ๐“ป๐“ช๐“ฌ๐”‚ ๐“ธ๐“ฏ ๐“น๐“ป๐“ธ๐“ฝ๐“ฎ๐“ฒ๐“ท ๐“ผ๐”‚๐“ท๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ฎ๐“ผ๐“ฒ๐“ผ." - Prof. Marina V. Rodnina

๐Ÿงฌ Every protein in our body (from enzymes and hormones to antibodies) begins with a remarkable molecular conversation between codons and anticodons.

       ๐Ÿ”น A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on messenger RNA (mRNA). Each codon specifies a particular amino acid or a translation stop signal. For example, AUG encodes methionine and serves as the universal start codon, initiating protein synthesis.

       ๐Ÿ”น An anticodon is a complementary three-nucleotide sequence on transfer RNA (tRNA). Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid, and its anticodon recognizes the matching mRNA codon, ensuring the correct amino acid is incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain.

       ๐Ÿ”น Inside the ribosome, codons on mRNA are decoded by complementary tRNA anticodons through precise base pairing (A-U and G-C). This high-fidelity interaction safeguards the accuracy of translation, producing proteins with the correct amino acid sequence, structure, and biological function.

        ➡ An important nuance is that while codon-anticodon pairing is highly specific, the wobble position allows certain tRNAs to recognize more than one synonymous codon. This increases the efficiency of translation without substantially compromising accuracy.

 ⚠ In an Oystershell, codons provide the genetic instructions, while anticodons interpret those instructions. Their coordinated interaction ensures faithful gene expression; a significant fundament of life and molecular biology.

Abubakar Abubakar ✍

• Rodnina, M. V. (2018). Translation in prokaryotes. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 10(9), a032664. 

• Rodnina, M. V., & Wintermeyer, W. (2001). Fidelity of aminoacyl-tRNA selection on the ribosome. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 70, 415-435.

• Crick, F. H. C. (1966). Codon–anticodon pairing: The wobble hypothesis. Journal of Molecular Biology, 19(2), 548-555.

• Schmeing, T. M., & Ramakrishnan, V. (2009). What recent ribosome structures have revealed about the mechanism of translation. Nature, 461, 1234-1242.

#MolecularBiology #Genetics #ProteinSynthesis #GeneExpression #Biochemistry #CellBiology #LifeSciences #BiomedicalScience #PrecisionMedicine #STEM #CRISPR #NGS #PGT #DNA #IVF #RNA #ART ⚕️

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